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The Industrial Revolution was a period of transformation in manufacturing and transportation that began in the late 18th century in Great Britain and later spread to Europe and North America, eventually encompassing much of the world. It involved enormous population growth, rapid urbanization, the rise of mercantilist economics, radical scientific change (particularly in chemistry and metallurgy), major political changes (the French Revolution) to systems of production and consumption, mass education overhauls, and considerable social upheaval. Changes in agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, mining, and technology led to the globalization of the world economy by ≈1800. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the late 18th-century. The Industrial Revolution was based on an application of scientific management by entrepreneurs who started to adopt new techniques of power-driven machines which resulted in mechanization, mass production and mass marketing of goods. The term "Industrial Revolution" applied to different parts of the world at different times depending on how it came about. In Great Britain it is supposed that industrial revolution will happen because their government started to introduce new ideas into people's life. According to M. J. Mayhew, this industrial revolution was a result of a whole system of new ideas spread among people throughout the country. Because of this industrial revolution, people became more knowledgeable and developed a lot of new ideas to improve their lives. In China the industrial revolution took place from 1720 to 1840 with great changes in society, economy and technology. In this period, as in other parts of Asia, the rapid acceleration of technological change was accompanied by rapid social change as well as changes in politics and culture that modified existing systems and institutions (see also Asian domestic economy). The first signs of the changing times were felt in the form of new investment patterns by investors. The social consequences of technological change included improvements in food production, transportation, and greater exploitation of the labour force. Measures taken for these purposes included suppression of local handicrafts, expansion of commerce with nearby regions, encouragement of immigration, development of the silk industry, development of tax collection systems and new taxation patterns, improvement in warfare methods to fight against pirates, re-organization of the police force and military administration. The British historian E. P. Thompson coined this term in his 1972 "The Making of the English Working Class". Other historians have taken issue with the notion of revolution, while some have used the term revolution to refer to broader social upheavals. This was one of the most radical economic revolutions in human history. The Industrial Revolution took place between 18th Century and 19th Century, during which time technological changes were made, new methods were pioneered and economies were transformed. This led to major social changes since more people could work together on farms, fields and factories which caused a population boom, requiring more housing that increased urbanization. As cities grew larger they needed new forms of transportation that led among other things to the invention of the railroad. cfa1e77820
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